Incontinencia en el alzhéimer ¿Qué podemos hacer al respecto?

Incontinencia en el alzhéimer: Muchas personas con alzhéimer experimentan incontinencia. Con estos trucos, podrás ver mejorar el problema.

La pérdida de control de los esfínteres es algo común entre las personas que padecen alzhéimer en una fase relativamente avanzada.

No existe una sola explicación para la pérdida de control – ¿Incontinencia?:

La incapacidad para reconocer impulsos naturales como la necesidad de orinar o defecar, la falta de memoria que impide recordar donde está el baño o los efectos secundarios de ciertos medicamentos pueden causar incontinencia.

Por otra parte, ciertas condiciones médicas como la infección urinaria, los problemas de próstata, la diabetes o un ictus pueden hacer que también se sufran complicaciones a la hora de controlar los esfínteres.

Con el fin de hacer lo más pequeño posible este problema, te traemos algunos consejos:

▷ Haz que el baño sea fácilmente reconocible y evita cualquier obstáculo en el camino.

Trata de que haya iluminación suficiente para que la persona pueda encontrar el aseo sin problemas.

Otras cosas que pueden ayudar a facilitar su uso son: mantener la puerta abierta, colocar una señal o dibujo en esta, pintarla de un color diferente al de la pared y dejar subida la tapa del inodoro.

Una vez en el baño, permítele su tiempo e intimidad para hacer sus necesidades.

▷ Encárgate de que la ropa de la persona sea cómoda, práctica y fácil de quitar.

De esta forma, te asegurarás que no tendrá problemas a la hora de desabrocharse para utilizar el baño.

▷ Haz que la persona se mantenga hidratada tomando suficientes líquidos.

Una de las causas de la incontinencia urinaria se encuentra en la infección urinaria, la cual, a su vez, puede ser provocada por la deshidratación.

▷ Estate muy atento a las pequeñas señales que podrían indicar que la persona necesita ir al baño.

Puede ser que la encuentres impaciente, que haga ruidos o que se pasee de un lado a otro con desasosiego.

Cuando consideres que podría necesitar ir al baño, motívale cariñosamente para que lo haga.

▷ Intenta establecer un horario para ir al baño.

Puedes, por ejemplo, ayudar a tu familiar a ir a primera hora de la mañana, cada dos horas durante el día, inmediatamente después de comer y justo antes de acostarse.

Cada persona tiene su rutina: observa y reconoce la suya y recuérdale que puede usar el baño justo antes de su hora habitual.

▷ Identifica las horas a las que suelen ocurrir los incidentes relacionados con la incontinencia

Y trata de que la persona vaya al baño antes.

▷ Asegúrate de que tu familiar ha realmente orinado o defecado después de usar el baño.

Ayúdale a limpiarse y mantén hidratadas sus zonas íntimas.

▷ Limita su consumo de líquidos tras la cena

Y no le permitas tomar bebidas como refrescos, café o té que estimulan la vejiga.

▷ En fases muy avanzadas, puedes considerar el uso de pañales para adultos

Y productos protectores sobre la cama, como sábanas de plástico o forros para la incontinencia.

Si tu familiar está empezando a sufrir problemas de incontinencia, es importante que acudas al médico para descubrir si la causa de esta es médica y si requiere de un tratamiento.

Tras esto, te animamos a que pongas en práctica nuestras pautas y que busques los trucos que a ti personalmente te funcionan.

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Demencia: Huge Alzheimer’s Breakthrough Stuns Scientists

Demencia: Huge Alzheimer’s Breakthrough Stuns Scientists…Cognitive training, blood pressure management for people with hypertension, and increased physical activity

Evidence Supporting Three Interventions That Might Slow Cognitive Decline and the Onset of Dementia Is Encouraging but Insufficient to Justify a Public Health Campaign Focused on Their Adoption

June 22 – Cognitive training, blood pressure management for people with hypertension, and increased physical activity show modest but inconclusive evidence that they can help prevent cognitive decline and dementia, says a new Academie

WASHINGTON:

Cognitive training, blood pressure management for people with hypertension, and increased physical activity all show modest but inconclusive evidence that they can help prevent cognitive decline and dementia, but there is insufficient evidence to support a public health campaign encouraging their adoption, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Additional research is needed to further understand and gain confidence in their effectiveness, said the committee that conducted the study and wrote the report.

“There is good cause for hope that in the next several years much more will be known about how to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, as more clinical trial results become available and more evidence emerges,” said Alan I. Leshner, chair of the committee and CEO emeritus, American Association for the Advancement of Science. “Even though clinical trials have not conclusively supported the three interventions discussed in our report, the evidence is strong enough to suggest the public should at least have access to these results to help inform their decisions about how they can invest their time and resources to maintain brain health with aging.”

An earlier systematic review published in 2010 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and an associated “state of the science” conference at the National Institutes of Health had concluded that there was insufficient evidence to make recommendations about any interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia.

Since then, understanding of the pathological processes that result in dementia has advanced significantly, and a number of clinical trials of potential preventive interventions have been completed and published.

In 2015, the National Institute on Aging (NIA) contracted with AHRQ to conduct another systematic review of the current evidence.

NIA also asked the National Academies to convene an expert committee to help inform the design of the AHRQ review and then use the results to make recommendations to inform the development of public health messaging, as well as recommendations for future research.

This report examines the most recent evidence on steps that can be taken to prevent, slow, or delay the onset of mild cognitive impairment and clinical Alzheimer’s-type dementia as well as steps that can delay or slow age-related cognitive decline.

Overall, the committee determined that despite an array of advances in understanding cognitive decline and dementia, the available evidence on interventions derived from randomized controlled trials – considered the gold standard of evidence – remains relatively limited and has significant shortcomings.

Based on the totality of available evidence, however, the committee concluded that three classes of interventions can be described as supported by encouraging but inconclusive evidence. These interventions are:

Cognitive training

– which includes programs aimed at enhancing reasoning and problem solving, memory, and speed of processing – to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline. Such structured training exercises may or may not be computer-based.

Blood pressure management

-for people with hypertension – to prevent, delay, or slow clinical Alzheimer’s-type dementia.

Increased physical activity – to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline

Cognitive training

– which includes programs aimed at enhancing reasoning and problem solving, memory, and speed of processing – to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline.

Such structured training exercises may or may not be computer-based.

Blood pressure management for people with hypertension

Managing blood pressure for people with hypertension, particularly during midlife – generally ages 35 to 65 years – is supported by encouraging but inconclusive evidence for preventing, delaying, and slowing clinical Alzheimer’s-type dementia, the committee said.

The available evidence, together with the strong evidence for blood pressure management in preventing stroke and cardiovascular disease and the relative benefit/risk ratio of antihypertensive medications and lifestyle interventions, is sufficient to justify communication with the public regarding the use of blood pressure management, particularly during midlife, for preventing, delaying, and slowing clinical Alzheimer’s-type dementia, the report says.

 Cognitive training

Good evidence shows that cognitive training can improve performance on a trained task, at least in the short term.

However, debate has centered on evidence for long-term benefits and whether training in one domain, such as processing speed, yields benefits in others, such as in memory and reasoning, and if this can translate to maintaining independence in instrumental activities of daily living, such as driving and remembering to take medications.

Evidence from one randomized controlled trial suggests that cognitive training delivered over time and in an interactive context can improve long-term cognitive function as well as help maintain independence in instrumental activities of daily living for adults with normal cognition.

However, results from other randomized controlled trials that tested cognitive training were mixed.

Physical activity

It is well-documented that physical activity has many health benefits, and some of these benefits – such as stroke prevention – are causally related to brain health.

The AHRQ systematic review found that the pattern of randomized controlled trials results across different types of physical activity interventions provides an indication of the effectiveness of increased physical activity in delaying or slowing age-related cognitive decline, although these results were not consistently positive.

However, several other considerations led the committee to conclude that the evidence is sufficient to justify communicating to the public that increased physical activity for delaying or slowing age-related cognitive decline is supported by encouraging but inconclusive evidence.

None of the interventions evaluated in the AHRQ systematic review met the criteria for being supported by high-strength evidence, based on the quality of randomized controlled trials and the lack of consistently positive results across independent studies.

This limitation suggests the need for additional research as well as methodological improvements in the future research.

The National Institutes of Health and other interested organizations should support further research to strengthen the evidence base on cognitive training, blood pressure management, and increased physical activity, the committee said.

Examples of research priorities for these three classes of interventions include:

• evaluating the comparative effectiveness of different forms of cognitive training interventions
• determining whether there are optimal blood pressure targets
• approaches across different age ranges; and comparing the effects of different forms of physical activity.

When funding research on preventing cognitive decline and dementia, the National Institutes of Health and other interested organizations should identify individuals who are at higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia;

• increase participation of underrepresented populations;
• begin more interventions at younger ages and have longer follow-up periods; use consistent cognitive outcome measures across trials to enable pooling; integrate robust cognitive outcome measures into trials with other primary purposes;
• include biomarkers as intermediate outcomes;
• and conduct large trials designed to test the effectiveness of an intervention in broad, routine clinical practices or community settings.

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